|
This issue of the RECENT journal was edited with the support of: ContentsThe 17th International Conference "STANDARDIZATION, PROTYPES and QUALITY: A means of Balkan Countries' collaboration"CommitteesPreservation of Historic Wooden Buildings and the Use of Digital Technology: An Introduction to Activities in Japan
RECENT J. (2025), 77:194-201 https://doi.org/10.31926/RECENT.2025.77.194 Abstract This paper introduces the use of digital technology for the preservation of historical buildings in Japan (wooden temples and shrines). Important historical buildings are at risk of being lost due to earthquakes, fires and natural disasters. In 2019, Shuri Castle (wooden structure, UNESCO World Heritage) was destroyed by a fire of unknown origin. Due to the lack of records, reconstruction took a significant amount of time. The Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris also suffered a fire of unknown origin, resulting in the destruction of its wooden roof. However, thanks to digital technology, the digital data was preserved, enabling a smooth reconstruction process. The construction methods of Japan’s wooden temples and shrines are complex and manual surveys are time-consuming, costly, and prone to inaccuracies. By utilizing digital technology, measurements can be taken quickly and accurately. Keywords preservation of historical wooden buildings, 3D scanning, point cloud digital technology, photogrammetry, measurements by master carpentersTwo Case Studies of Measuring Historic Wooden Buildings in Japan Using Digital Technology for Preservation - Eiheiji Temple and Ohtaki Shrine
RECENT J. (2025), 77:202-206 https://doi.org/10.31926/RECENT.2025.77.202 Abstract This paper introduces two case studies of measuring historic wooden buildings in Japan using digital technology. One is Eiheiji Temple, the head temple of Zen Buddhism, and the other is Ohtaki Shrine, the only shrine dedicated to a deity of paper in Japan featuring a complex roof structure. The key point is that having skilled traditional carpenters perform measurements using digital technology, it becomes possible to obtain clear and accurate data. Keywords Eiheiji Temple (Head Temple of the Zen Buddhism, Soto Sect), Ohtaki Shrine (God of washi paper: traditional Japanese paper), measurements by master carpenters, Fukui PrefectureImprovement of Urban Life and Environmental Quality in the Reuse of Historical Industrial Area: Izmit Çuha Factory
RECENT J. (2025), 77:207-211 https://doi.org/10.31926/RECENT.2025.77.207 Abstract Today, many historical buildings have lost their original function and become unusable. The re-functionalization of these buildings not only ensures their physical preservation but also contributes to urban life by extending their lifespan. Industrial heritage buildings, which have an important place among historical buildings, have become redundant and are often abandoned to their fate due to technological, economic, and social transformations over time. However, these buildings not only shed light on the history of production, but also serve as important documents reflecting the socio-cultural, economic, and architectural characteristics of the period. With their large interior spaces, wide openings, and industrial architectural characteristics, these buildings should be integrated into the city with new functions and brought into public life. Within the scope of this study, İzmit Çuha factory is discussed, which is located in Kartepe district, of Kocaeli and is one of the important examples of industrial heritage in Türkiye. The approach will examine re-functionalizing the building in line with its original architectural features, integrating it into the city, and increasing the quality of the environment. Keywords Izmit, Çuha factory, industrial historic building, repurposing, urban life and environmental qualityRegional Patterns of Digitalization in South-East Europe: Evidence from Principal Component Analysis and Clustering
RECENT J. (2025), 77:212-221 https://doi.org/10.31926/RECENT.2025.77.212 Abstract This study investigates the evolution of digital disparities and convergence trends among six South-East European countries, Bulgaria, Greece, Croatia, Romania, Slovenia, and Türkiye, between 2015 and 2024. Drawing on fifteen indicators related to digital employment, technological education, and internet usage behaviours, the analysis employs Principal Component Analysis (PCA), K-means clustering, and hierarchical dendrogram techniques to uncover latent patterns and structural similarities. The findings reveal consistent clustering of Bulgaria and Romania, as well as Croatia and Slovenia, suggesting regionally coherent trajectories. Türkiye exhibits an irregular digital profile, frequently detaching from the other countries, particularly in pandemic years, while Slovenia’s position shifts toward digital leadership in later periods. The hierarchical clustering of indicators highlights how COVID-19 disrupted traditional correlations, with structural coherence recovering after 2022. These results demonstrate a mix of stability and disruption in digital development across the region and underscore the need for territorially differentiated digital policies. The study participates to the literature on digital transformation by offering a multi-method analysis of convergence and fragmentation and provides a replicable framework for assessing digital readiness and policy alignment at the regional level. Keywords digitalization, South-East Europe, PCA, clustering, regional convergenceTimber as a Future Material for Construction
RECENT J. (2025), 77:222-229 https://doi.org/10.31926/RECENT.2025.77.222 Abstract Wood is known as one of the first construction materials for shelters for first people. İn the Middle Ages, the log and carcass construction system did have not major changes in the selection and detailing of materials. The Industrial Revolution brought about major changes in timber construction, as in all materials, and provided the opportunity for rapid and clean workmanship in material and processing. With new production, the durability and physical properties of wood have been improved by interventions made in some places to the organic structure of wood, and sometimes by the addition of additives. Although today in various parts of the world wood material production and wood construction continue using traditional methods and traditional timber materials, on the other hand, especially in the last fifty years, there have been radical changes in wood production and construction technology and structures. New wood materials with minimum structural weight are being designed and produced with minimum use of wood materials and components. New wood materials have like in the past economic, ecological, and sustainable characteristics (reachable, workable, good electric and thermo isolation, light and durable, easy to transport, easy to repair, combinable with other materials, has varicosity of structures, colors and different type of use.) New technologies have just strengthened this characteristic and added new ones. Accordingly, new materials have additional positive impacts like durability to fire, organic and chemical durability, durability to external impacts, and others. Rising challenges such as climate change, resource scarcity, and urbanization have increased the need for sustainable, high-performance building materials. Traditional wood, while renewable, has structural and durability limitations. Modern construction requires engineered wood products with enhanced mechanical properties, durability, and environmental benefits. Keywords timber, industrial wood, contemporary technologyArchitectural Fire Standards in the Scope of "Regulation on Fire Protection of Buildings" Applied in Türkiye: Kocaeli Metal Factory Case
RECENT J. (2025), 77:230-237 https://doi.org/10.31926/RECENT.2025.77.230 Abstract Fire is a fact of our lives and causes significant loss of life and property. We can be caught in a fire in any place at any time. For this reason, structural measures must be taken in terms of fire safety in spaces. The measures to be taken are vitally important. One of these places is the metal workshop. Evaluations must be made with respect to fire safety when designing a workshop. Because more than one person will work in this place simultaneously, it poses a high danger during a fire. Necessary precautions should be taken during the design process of the building. Escape scenarios should be created in advance of any fire. When designing all these measures, the 'Regulation on the Protection of Buildings from Fire' published on 19.12.2007 has set some standards for us. By using these design criteria, buildings are made safer from fire. This regulation is audited by the Fire Brigade Project Units in line with the headings in the regulation during the design process. After the approved projects are built, they are checked on-site and conformity reports are written. In this study, the application of this regulation at the project level in a metal factory, located in Kocaeli, designed as an industrial building will be examined. Thus, the application of the fire protection standards, that should be considered in architectural designs for an industrial building, will be analyzed. The application of fire standards in architectural designs for an industrial building is investigated, and an example is presented. Keywords fire, industrial building, fire safety measures, steel structures, fire design measures, fire escape methodsImproving Architectural Quality in Urban Public Space: Perfect Days Movie
RECENT J. (2025), 77:238-245 https://doi.org/10.31926/RECENT.2025.77.238 Abstract Interdisciplinary structure that interacts with other branches of art such as cinema and literature. The relationship it establishes with cinema in particular allows architectural spaces to be used as an artistic narrative tool. Cinema uses scenario, editing, acting and spatial designs to convey emotions and thoughts. In this context, spaces in cinema are sometimes directly inspired by the discipline of architecture; sometimes architects freely and experimentally produce spaces for cinema. In addition to artificial spaces such as fictional planets in science fiction films, real spaces can also be a source of inspiration for cinema. The film Perfect Days can be given as an example of this situation. Wim Directed by Wenders, the film is about the daily life of a man who cleans public toilets in Japan, and the location was inspired by The Tokyo Toilet project. This study aims to examine these public toilet designs in the film Perfect Days within the framework of the aesthetic and philosophical principles of Japanese minimalism. Keywords Perfect Days, Wim Wenders, Japanese minimalism, the Tokyo toilet project, film-space relationshipAn Urban-Scale Reading of Space in the Context of Social Values and Norms: The Novel of Çamlıca’daki Eniştemiz
RECENT J. (2025), 77:246-252 https://doi.org/10.31926/RECENT.2025.77.246 Abstract Architecture and literature, two different disciplines that share a common approach to understanding the environment in which humans live, have important points of intersection, particularly in the representation of space. Literary texts not only present fictional narratives; they also reveal the socio-cultural structure of space, its historical layers, and the relationships that individuals establish with this space. This study aims to reveal the contribution of literary texts to architectural research by examining the function of novels in analysing the social background of space at the urban level. In the study, Abdülhak Şinasi Hisar's the novel of Çamlıca’daki Eniştemiz was analysed using qualitative content analysis; a multi-layered and original analysis method developed by the researcher based on Mazumdar & Mazumdar's (1994) model was used. This method aims to analyse space not only in terms of its physical characteristics but also at a conceptual and thematic level that reveals the social structure. As a result, the relationship between the physical fabric and social memory of the Çamlıca urban has been revealed, and an example has been provided of how literature can function as an interdisciplinary research method in architecture. Keywords architecture and literature, social background of space, district scale, content analysis, interdisciplinary approachHuman Impact on Environmental Disasters through the Film Avatar
RECENT J. (2025), 77:253-259 https://doi.org/10.31926/RECENT.2025.77.253 Abstract In this study, the movie Avatar is analyzed in the context of the relationship between architecture and cinema. In the interaction between architecture and cinema, the two disciplines use each other as tools. This relationship is supported by the powerful animations in the movie. The movie reveals that one of the main causes of environmental disasters is human intervention. The unconscious consumption of natural resources for economic interests threatens not only ecological balance but also cultural continuity and collective memory. In this context, it is of great importance to prioritize the use of local materials in architectural designs and to develop environmentally compatible buildings in line with the principles of sustainability. Otherwise, it should not be forgotten that speculation-driven construction processes may lead to irreversible ecological and socio-cultural destruction in the long term. Keywords Avatar, environmental disasters, sustainability, natural environmentFiber Laser Intensity when Cutting SICROMAL Steel
RECENT J. (2025), 77:260-266 https://doi.org/10.31926/RECENT.2025.77.260 Abstract Alloy steel for the thermal energy industry was cut with a 10 kW fiber laser. The input parameters used in the cutting experiments were the laser power, cutting speed and focus position, at a focus diameter d = 0.38 mm. The output parameter studied was the number of peaks on the side of the sample. Through mathematical and physical modelling, the intensity focused by the sapphire lens on the part was calculated. Lagrange interpolation calculation established the relationship between the number of slopes and the focus position. The study provides compatible relationships for the physics and engineering of laser applications in energy practice. Keywords laser cutting, fiber laser, roughness, kerfInnovation in Food Production Standard - Zero Salmonella
RECENT J. (2025), 77:267-270 https://doi.org/10.31926/RECENT.2025.77.267 Abstract Following the request from the Health and Consumer Protection, European Commission, the Panel on Biological Hazards was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the use and the mode of action of bacteriophages in food production. This action was taken in 2009 and today we have a new standard in food processing: ZERO Salmonella. There are chemical products involved in based on biocides substances but also a new approach based on non-pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteriophage. The paper presents a study case according to the Panel on Biological Hazards. Keywords salmonella, bacteriophage, biological hazards, food productionOccupational Health and Safety Assessment. Case Study
RECENT J. (2025), 77:271-277 https://doi.org/10.31926/RECENT.2025.77.271 Abstract Technological progress throughout the twentieth century accelerated industrial growth but also introduced significant occupational risks, making workplace safety a critical concern for organizations. Occupational health and safety (OHS) practices aim to protect employees, enhance organizational performance, and reduce the costs associated with accidents and illnesses. Risk assessment has emerged as a cornerstone of OHS management, enabling companies to identify, evaluate, and control hazards before incidents occur. This study emphasizes the dynamic and systematic nature of risk assessment, which requires continuous monitoring, updating, and integration with prevention programs, operator training, and emergency planning. A case study on industrial process highlights the identification of 68 specific risk factors, with operator-related hazards representing the greatest proportion. While the overall safety level indicates a high degree of security, unacceptable risks remain, necessitating stricter preventive measures. Ultimately, risk assessment functions not only as a legal obligation but also as a strategic tool for fostering sustainable safety cultures. Keywords occupational health and safety, risk factors, level of security, improving working environment conditions, workplace accidents minimizationStructure and Implementation of ISO 45001 in Industry Domain
RECENT J. (2025), 77:278-281 https://doi.org/10.31926/RECENT.2025.77.278 Abstract Many companies, particularly in high-risk sectors such as automotive, construction, and energy, have already demonstrated the benefits of adopting ISO 45001. In Romania, certification has also become a competitive advantage in public procurement processes. Key benefits include fewer accidents, improved efficiency, legal compliance, and enhanced corporate reputation. Therefore, ISO 45001:2018 should not be seen merely as a compliance requirement, but as a strategic tool that fosters sustainable development while positioning occupational health and safety as both an organizational priority and a driver of long-term performance. The purpose of this article is to analyse in detail the content of ISO 45001:2018, its implementation in organizations, the challenges encountered, and the benefits it brings, offering recommendations for effective application. Implementation involves several stages: gap analysis, top management commitment, hazard identification and risk assessment, monitoring legal requirements, setting measurable objectives, employee training, performance monitoring through key indicators, conducting internal audits, and, if required, certification by an accredited body. Keywords occupational health and safety standard implementation, safety performance, hazard identification, monitoring legal requirementsPMBOK Standards - A Structured Literature Review
RECENT J. (2025), 77:282-288 https://doi.org/10.31926/RECENT.2025.77.282 Abstract This article reviews the development, adoption, and scholarly discussions surrounding the Project Management Institute's PMBOK® standards, with particular attention to the Seventh Edition’s transition from a process-based model to a principles- and value-focused orientation. The review situates PMBOK - Project Management Body of Knowledge within the broader standards ecosystem (ISO 21502 - International Organization for Standardization and PRINCE2 - PRojects IN Controlled Environments) and considers empirical evidence on adoption, integration with agile and hybrid approaches, and critiques from academic discourse. A synthetic and methodological framework is provided regarding the role of the PMBOK in the current context of project management standards. Changes in PMBOK standards reflect a fundamental shift in both the conceptual understanding and operational practice of project management. Findings highlight both the strengths and limitations of PMBOK as a guiding standard and identify directions for future research. Keywords PMBOK, project management standards, ISO 21502, PRINCE2, agile and hybrid approachesPneumatically Operated Equipment for the Rehabilitation of the Neck Joint
RECENT J. (2025), 77:289-295 https://doi.org/10.31926/RECENT.2025.77.289 Abstract The aim of this study is to present a solution for the rehabilitation of the neck joint using a pneumatically operated device. Neck pain or musculoskeletal imbalances require rehabilitation as fast and as adaptable as possible to the individual patient's situation. The paper presents the diagram of principle of a novel neck joint rehabilitation equipment and its geometrical model. Further discussed are the limits of its movement and the required characteristics of the three pneumatic muscles used for actuation. Keywords neck joint; rehabilitation equipment; pneumatic muscle; rehabilitationStudy Regarding the Optimal Shape of the Attack Cone for Taps without Channels
RECENT J. (2025), 77:296-302 https://doi.org/10.31926/RECENT.2025.77.296 Abstract The essence of internal thread forming is the process in which the plastic deformation of the workpiece occurs under the action of the extrusion tap and finally forms the thread. Tap geometry is the most important parameter for a reliable process. Thread forming taps displace material rather than cut or remove it. The taps do not have flutes or cutting edges and therefore no chips are produced. They work with forming edges and spinning dies with polygonal profiles. Since thread forming leads to compression and deformation of the grain, this results in work hardening. The result is increased material strength of the formed thread. The standard tap characteristics are chamfer length, the number of pitches in the chamfer, tap diameter and the number of lobes around a tap section. Each rounded corner of a tap section is referred to as a lobe, where deformation or friction occurs against the inner surface of the previous hole. Hence, the tap section is defined by a curved side polygon that may typically have three, five, or six corners, which are referred to as lobes. The first part of the edge in the direction of rotation that engages the material is the rake edge, which is the part of the edge that suffers abrasion wear. Following the flank actions of the rake, the relief flank that is in contact with the material undergoes abrasion and adhesion wear, as its edge removes material. The paper studies six processing schemes with different attack cones characteristic of the tap without channels, finally concluding on the recommended processing method in different manufacturing cases. Keywords taps without channels, attack cone, thread pitch, tapping, plastic deformation, chippingEvaluation of Day and Night Use of Coastal Cities: Tunca River Area, Edirne
RECENT J. (2025), 77:303-310 https://doi.org/10.31926/RECENT.2025.77.303 Abstract Edirne is known for its rich cultural heritage and historical fabric, and it holds an identity as a waterfront city directly connected identity. While the city has developed along the east–west axis, the waterfront areas have been neglected, resulting in low-quality and unsafe spaces. This study focuses on the Tunca River waterfront, identified as a high-potential zone, where accessibility and inclusivity issues were observed. An analysis based on public space quality was conducted, and a coastal prototype was developed to support continuous use. The design prioritizes controlling natural daylight and providing safe, effective artificial lighting at night. Nighttime lighting simulations using the Dialux program comply with international standards to water. However, the lack of integrated urban planning and underutilization of its potential have weakened this. This model reveals Edirne’s hidden spatial potential and aims to create more accessible, sustainable urban waterfronts adaptable to other areas. Keywords coastal urban planning, urban lighting, day-night use, Dialux, Edirne waterfront areasSafety Criteria in Buildability: Insights from a Bibliometric Analysis in Disaster Contexts
RECENT J. (2025), 77:311-318 https://doi.org/10.31926/RECENT.2025.77.311 Abstract In the context of disasters, buildability is not limited to efficiency during the construction process; it also encompasses structural integrity, occupational health and safety conditions, and the capacity to adapt to environmental challenges. This study examines 297 academic publications published between 2000 and 2025 through bibliometric methods to analyze the relationships among buildability, safety, and disaster resilience. The findings reveal a significant increase in publication numbers after 2017, with the highest volume recorded in 2024. Country-level distribution indicates that China, the United States, and the United Kingdom are the most productive contributors, while international collaborations are concentrated primarily around European and Asian networks. Citation analyses demonstrate that a limited number of pioneering studies have achieved high visibility, whereas the overall distribution of citations remains fragmented. Author collaboration networks show that interdisciplinary partnerships have increasingly strengthened, particularly at the intersection of architecture, civil engineering, and disaster management. Keyword co-occurrence analyses highlight themes such as “sustainable development”, “risk management”, “modular construction”, and “disaster resilience”, while also pointing to the scarcity of systematic review studies. In conclusion, this study systematically uncovers the conceptual gap between buildability and disaster resilience and aims to contribute to the development of a more holistic framework for future research. Keywords bibliometric analysis, buildability/constructability, safety, disaster, resilienceProfessional Education and Licensing of Specialists in Elevator Installation, Maintenance, and Repair
RECENT J. (2025), 77:319-325 https://doi.org/10.31926/RECENT.2025.77.319 Abstract The article examines the system of professional education and training of specialists in elevator installation, maintenance, and repair in Bulgaria, with a focus on the acquisition of professional licensing in accordance with the current regulatory framework. It outlines the structure of professional education, opportunities for training in the specialty Electrical equipment of lifting and elevator systems, and the requirements of Ordinance № 3 of 2001 for obtaining the respective degrees of licensing. Factors influencing the attractiveness of the profession and the formation of a sufficient number of qualified professionals for the elevator industry are analysed. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of cooperation between educational institutions, the state, and industry in ensuring the reliability and safety of elevator operation. Keywords professional education, licensing, elevators, technicians, qualification, standardisation, safetyThe Role of Light in Space: Physical Characteristics and Contribution to Design
RECENT J. (2025), 77:326-331 https://doi.org/10.31926/RECENT.2025.77.326 Abstract Light, one of the fundamental components of architectural design, is not merely an element of illumination; it is also a powerful design tool that influences the perception, atmosphere, and functionality of a space. This study aims to evaluate the impact of natural and artificial light on interior design. As a method, the physical and sensory dimensions of light were examined through literature review and comparative analysis. The direction, intensity, and color of light sources, along with the reflectivity properties of materials and surface textures, were analyzed for their decisive role in spatial perception and user experience. In this study, the effects of specular and diffuse reflection types on the spatial atmosphere have been classified. Therefore, conclusions that can guide design decisions have been reached. As a result, it has become clear that light is not only a technical requirement, but also the most important component defining the conceptual and aesthetic qualities of a space. Keywords light, reflection, spatial design, material, surface texture, spatial perceptionA Gap Analysis of User Needs and International Standards in Post-Disaster
RECENT J. (2025), 77:332-339 https://doi.org/10.31926/RECENT.2025.77.332 Abstract This study examines the extent to which the needs expressed by users in post-disaster institutional shelter areas align with international minimum standards. Following the 2023 earthquakes in Türkiye, survivor statements reported in the media were selected and analysed through qualitative discourse analysis (MAXQDA). The analysis identified recurring concepts (privacy, hygiene, security, accessibility, information/communication), which were then mapped against international shelter, WASH, and protection standards. Findings include an assessment of each need as “met, partially met, or unmet,” illustrated with typical quotations. The study presents three main outputs: (i) a discourse–standard comparison matrix, (ii) a frequency and co-occurrence map of the concepts, and (iii) “prototype service principles” derived from user language. Results reveal systematic gaps particularly in the areas of privacy, inclusive access, and information/feedback. Without moving into furniture- specific recommendations, the study proposes a conceptual framework for standardizing user needs and offers a method that can be rapidly applied in disaster response planning. Keywords disaster sheltering, discourse analysis, earthquake, service prototypes, user needsCharacterization of Wood Composite Materials by Thermo-Gravimetric and Differential Scanning Calorimetry Methods
RECENT J. (2025), 77:340-347 https://doi.org/10.31926/RECENT.2025.77.340 Abstract The paper aims to highlight the importance of using the 2 methods (thermo-gravimetric, differential scanning calorimetry, by characterization of wood composite materials (Oriented strand boards, Wood chipboard, Medium density fibreboard). Wood composites are widely used in the wood industry. By using th thermo-gravimetric method, the mass of composite sample changes by varying the work temperature (10°C- 300°C). By using the differential scanning calorimetry, the heat flow is measured depending on the change temperature (20°C - 300°C) at a certain moment. The thermograms obtained from the experiments indicate the deviation of the thermal energy released by the sample for the reference sample. Keywords differential scanning calorimetry, thermo-gravimetric, oriented strand board, wood chipboard, medium density fibreboardISO GPS Changes - Challenges for Manufacturing Industry
RECENT J. (2025), 77:348-353 https://doi.org/10.31926/RECENT.2025.77.348 Abstract This paper is a short report on the way that manufacturing companies are affected by the latest updates of ISO GPS series (Geometrical Product Specification) since these standards affect their entire chain of activities being crucial for competitivity on the market. Although consistent and highly necessary modifications of tolerancing standards have a positive influence on companies after implementation, the process of adopting them is not simple, neither smooth, on the contrary, due to its’ complexity is time consuming and involves significant effort and resources. Keywords Geometrical Product Specification (GPS), ISO standard, functioning tolerances, design tolerances, manufacturing tolerancesLean-based management in process improvement projects in Industry 4.0
RECENT J. (2025), 77:354-362 https://doi.org/10.31926/RECENT.2025.77.354 Abstract Digital transformation has generated major changes in the structure of production and numerous opportunities for development in today’s industrial environment. For firms interested in optimizing their production systems and remaining competitive, the challenge is in adapting current production organization systems to the new requirements imposed by Industry 4.0. The new Industry 4.0 technologies and the well-known tools of Lean are essential in the manufacturing sector and other modern industrial organizations, their common goal being to enhance industrial performance and competitiveness. Through the analysis of current concepts and practices, as well as specialized literature in the field, this research is focused on developing a Lean 4.0 integration framework and assessing its impact on advanced production systems. Responses to several questions regarding the coexistence of the two approaches have been pursued to identify the potential of Lean and highlight the benefits in the current industrial context. Following an analysed case study, Lean implementation solutions in Industry 4.0 are proposed. This way, a development environment can be created those benefits from both traditional principles of efficiency and waste elimination in value creation chains and the advantages of implementing current digital technologies. Keywords lean management, Industry 4.0, production systems
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
