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This issue of the RECENT®
journal is dedicated to the 6th International Conference on CONTENTS
Tool Allotment Model in the Production System » Abstract Any factory, whatsoever the product it processes and whatsoever the type of material processing, is vulnerable to internal perturbations, among whom the variation of the tool flux is of major importance. Preventing vulnerability is achieved through management in real time, which, for eliminating the penury and the surplus, has to ensure the minimal safety stock, regulated through managerial decision. The main issue of tool management consists in the fact that “at request, any tool, of any type and dimension, must be available within the right time, at the right place” so as to cast off the tool penury in the system. » Keywords tool flow, management, monitoring
Financial Indicators and Electronic Governance in Local Public Administration » Abstract Abstract. Once the information age emerged, the way we work, study and live have undergone dramatic change. Given the influence of economic globalization and economic growth of digital information, governments have "reinvented" to respond to new priorities of citizens and businesses. This dynamic has forced many governments to create a new vision of their relationship with businesses and citizens, and to create a new organizational structure to fulfill its mandate. The paper aims to measure the financial performance in local public administration and the main indicators of e-governance. The main objective of the paper is to make a model that demonstrates the impact of the local public administration financial performance on the e-governance. Due to the fact that the main problem of the Romanian local public administration is the lack of performance tools that could improve the e-governance, the research wants use an empirical approach to test the impact of the financial performance on the local public administration on e-governance. The research use a quantitative methodology, based on surveys and author's observations. The results of the paper reveal that there is not a strong connection between financial performance and e-governance indicators in all the 119 Local public administrations studied. The identification of the model that make a connection between financial performance and the local public administration e-governance could take into account other dependent and independent variables that could identify ways that could improve the local public administration performance. » Keywords new public management, local administration
Studies Regarding the Influence of Boron Addition on the Hardness and Friction Coefficient of the Mn, Mo and Cr Ecological Alloyed Sintered Steels » Abstract In this paper are presented the experimental results regarding the elaboration of the Fe-Mn-Mo-Cr-B-Graphite and Fe-Mn-Mo-Cr-Graphite ecological alloyed sintered steels. There have been produced mixes containing 3% Mn, 1%Mo, 1.5%Cr, 0.5%B, 0.45Grafit and Fe which were exposed to the process of Mechanical Alloying (MA) for 20, 40, and 60 hours. The mixtures were pressed in a cylindrical die at three pressures (600,700 and 800 MPa), after that the green densities were calculated. The compacts were sintered in a furnace with protective atmosphere (Ar) at different temperatures (1050, 1100 and 1150 °C) and the dwell time was 120 minutes. The samples obtained after sintering treatment were investigated by optical and electronic microscopy. The mechanical properties such as hardness and friction coefficient were studied too. It is observed that high values of hardness (HV0.2) and friction coefficient μ = 0.158 were obtained for the Fe-Mn-Mo-Cr-B-Graphite ecological steels obtained after 60 h of mechanically alloying, pressed at 800 MPa and sintered at 1150 oC. » Keywords mechanical alloying, alloyed sintered steels, hardness, friction coefficient
Theoretical Study of Compression Characteristics of Highly-Viscous Products » Abstract Simplified rheological model which gives the possibility more certainly describe the deformation behaviour of candied fruits and to determine their shear characteristics in production process is proposed. » Keywords candied fruits, rheological model, shear characteristic, deformation
Equipment for the Production of Fruit Past » Abstract Highly advanced equipment for the processing of non-traditional wild plant raw material was developed for the production of organic food products with high biological value. The process of producing fruit paste with the use of cultural and wild growing of fruit-berry raw material and line to realize embodying this process is developed. » Keywords equipment, fruit paste, concentration, bioactive matters
Material Handling and Robots. Workspace of a Specific Kinematics Chain » Abstract In automated manufacturing systems, material handling is done, very often, using structures as robotic arms/manipulators. Design of these manufacturing systems is done either by a team that may not include robotics specialists or in a very short period of time. Present paper is describing the steps that a manufacturing systems designer should follow to choose a robotic arm/ manipulator and the software oriented on generating the workspace of a particular kinematic structure, with certain dimensions. The software is part of a toolbox for robots, made by the author of this paper, toolbox for Matlab programming environment and simulation. » Keywords material handling, robotic arm, manipulator, workspace, Matlab
Human Resource Management Applied to Target Groups of European Structural Funds Project » Abstract European structural funds projects for human resource training involves managing personal data and specific data, based on different criteria, depending on the project structure. One problem of the manager of such a project is getting the database with a high level of accuracy, given that these data are, usually, manually introduced. There are some other problems depending on type of human resource: experts enrolled in project or target group. Independently of human resource type involved in such projects, data are interconnected and, almost all the time, there should be done some statistics. Present paper is focused on a computer aided approach of human resources management (in particular the target group) in such projects. » Keywords human resource management, European structural funds, target group, evaluation
Numeric Control of Centre Lathe » Abstract Traditional CNC machines are expensive, complicated, with high precision, and typically only found in large manufacturing companies that can afford them. To implement these machine-tools it is necessary to train the employees. Not always a university can afford to let the students practice on such machines, to direct work on them. Thus, at the beginning of the learning process in this field, it is important that the students understand mechanical and driving systems, or how can be implemented a Numerical Control on such a complex machine. Present paper presents the step that should be followed to transform a classical lathe into a numerical controlled one. » Keywords lathe, numerical control, programming, Delphi
Generating Vocal Signal Sources » Abstract During last decade speech technology becomes more and more used in fields like: telecommunication and automated dialog systems. The speech technology is developed based on the knowledge of signal processing and comprises two principal areas: automatic speech recognition and speech synthesis. As in any other technology, in speech technology the high performances are obtained based on the quality of the implemented algorithms (method that is used and efficiency). Present paper tries to cover the main methods used to generate a synthetic fundamental vocal signal and to underline the appropriate method for different type of applications. » Keywords vocal, synthesis, speech, spectrum, spectrogram
Romanian Academic Inventics in 2001-2010 Years » Abstract Humanity has always been a knowledge-based society and has evolved as such. This feature prevails during contemporary period and is explicitly recognized. According to the law, inventions, utility models, trademarks, designs and (industrial) models, topographies of semiconductor products, plant varieties and animal breeds are subject to protection. Invention is the widest known and the most respected intellectual-property element in industrial business. Patenting involves, essentially, the explicit manifestation from a natural personal or legal entity of the interest towards the protection, within a certain geographical area, of an intellectual property, to the purpose of obtaining several advantages. They are mainly of a material nature. The prestige and the acknowledgement of the technical creation capacity are aspects of a moral nature that cannot be overlooked. They generate, inter alia, recognition and attraction. The abstracts of the patent applications and of the awarded patents are published in the Official Bulletin of Industrial Property (BOPI), which is being monthly issued. The paper herein submits synthetic data, examples, and an analysis referring to the patent applications and to the solicited and respectively obtained patents by Romanian universities, published in BOPI during the period 2001-2010. » Keywords inventics, patent application, patent specification, university, Romania
Pressure Valves New Symbols Accurately Illustrating Their Transitory Working » Abstract The paper proposes an interpretation of pressure valves used in hydraulic circuits from the point of view of control techniques. Structural models of the pressure valves highlight the classic structure components of control circuits: reference block, comparator, pressure transducer, execution elements etc. Furthermore, original symbols are proposed for the representation of pressure reducing valves to accurately illustrate their function. The new proposed symbols highlight the instantaneous opening of valve spool. Thus the drawback of standardized symbol is eliminated. » Keywords pressure control valves, symbols, hydraulic circuits
Considerations on the Electro-Hydraulic Systems for the Stabilization of the Feed Speed of Longitudinal Turning » Abstract The article focuses on a comparative analysis of two different structures of electro-hydraulic systems for the stabilization of the feed force of longitudinal turning based on numerical simulation experiments. The way the structure of these control systems can or cannot be used with compensated dynamics hydraulic motors is studied depending on their behaviour in the presence of cutting forces acting as motor resistance force. The article concludes with a series of recommendations with regard to the structure of electro-hydraulic systems for the stabilization of feed speed and to the field of application of compensated dynamics hydraulic motors, respectively. » Keywords control, cutting process, electro-hydraulic systems
Research Sterilization Process of Raw Meat Using Ultrasonic » Abstract In the article the scientific studies of the process of the sterilization of meat raw material with using the electro-physical method are represented. The known methods of sterilization are analyzed, estimation of these methods is given, and their deficiencies are also revealed. The method of the sterilization of the meat raw material is based on the use of ultrasonic waves is proposed. It is represented experimental data obtained in the course of scientific studies in the department of the catering equipment of Kharkiv State University of Food Technology and Trade. » Keywords meat, ultrasonic, microflora, ultrasonic frequency
Membrane Concentration of Nonfat Milk Stuff » Abstract The article presents features of membrane concentration of buttermilk with using ultrafiltration membranes PAN type. » Keywords ultra filtration, non-fat milk stuff, whey, buttermilk
Reliability Analysis and Evaluation of Industrial Tank Heating System » Abstract The present paper describes the development and application of a methodology for reliability analysis and evaluation of a tank heating system. The reliability structure of the studied system is presented as a triple modular redundant system (TMR-system). A hybrid methodology composed of a Monte Carlo simulation and Markov state-space models is developed and applied for reliability evaluation of a TMR heating system. The so-developed simulations, models and structures are applied under real operating conditions in a tank heating system of a hot dip zinc galvanizing facility. » Keywords reliability analysis and evaluation, Monte Carlo simulation, Markov models, industrial tank heating system
Evaluation of the Equipments Operational Reliability in XPS-Manufacturing Complexes » Abstract The present paper describes the creation of reliability data trends, used as a basis for the further development of some advanced reliability models and techniques. The developed methods, models and techniques are then applied for an enhanced reliability analysis and determination of equipments operational reliability in fully functional XPS-manufacturing complexes, i.e., under real operational conditions. » Keywords reliability analysis, operational reliability, failure data, modeling techniques
Estimation of Monthly Ångström-Prescott Equation Coefficients for Braşov Urban Area, Romania » Abstract The current trend of energy economy is marked by an attempt to use new energy sources. A new approach - generated by the fact that fossil energy carriers are limited - leads to attempt to use renewable energy sources: atomic energy, solar energy, wind power. Solar radiation represents the most important climatological factor behind a series of solar energy applications, such a photovoltaic systems for electricity generation, solar collectors for heating, solar air conditioning climate control in buildings and passive solar devices. Thus, the determination of solar radiation data is important for studies. The objectives of the present paper are to develop a specific model for the prediction of monthly average of total radiation from sunshine hours, using a simple linear model suggested by Ångström-Prescott, to determine a model for diffuse radiation and to validate this models by means of three important statistical indicators: Mean Bias Error (MBE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and t-statistic. » Keywords Ångström-Prescott equation, total and diffuse radiation, MBE, RMSE, t-statistic
Estimation of Daily Global and Diffuse Radiation for Braşov Urban Area, Romania » Abstract In order to calculate the performance of an existing solar energy conversion system or to estimate the energy generated by this, from the design stage, appropriate weather data are required. Unfortunately, there are not always recorded meteorological data, for all areas, what makes necessary the use of some solar radiation estimation methods. In this way, the conceiving of some mathematical models is required, if it is possible simple models, easy to implement in renewable systems design software or in building energy simulation software; thus, the determination of solar radiation data is important for studies. The proposed study is carried out in order to develop the monthly Ångström - Prescott equation coefficients from measured daily data for Braşov urban area and also to develop a monthly model for the diffuse radiation from daily clearness index. The models performance was evaluated by calculating three important statistical indicators: Mean Bias Error (MBE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and t-statistic. The RMSE, MBE (and Mean Percentage Error, MPE) and t-statistic are the most used statistical indicators for the comparison and performance estimation of the solar irradiation models. These calculated statistical indicators concerning the total and diffuse radiations are very good for the proposed estimation models and all the conclusions are very useful in the solar energy conversion systems design. » Keywords Ångström -Prescott equation, total and diffuse radiation, MBE, RMSE, t-statistic
Implementing Continuous Improvement Methods of Industrial Management » Abstract Based on the current situation regarding driving mode of production systems, the company management constantly seeking to implement a methodology for continuous improvement of customer satisfaction level and improve the level of delivery performance. For this the industrial companies established strategies of reduction the intermediate inventory, reducing the products crossing times from one production process to another, a continuous improvement of production planning and management processes. This paper aims to analyses in an automotive industrial company, the current situation on work pieces in the grinding-polishing sector and the milling-montage cell. Also, is analyzing the current situation on correct registration of pieces in the system and achievement handover-reception operation of pieces between sectors. This analysis led to implementation of improvement methods manufacturing activity held within the company, monitoring how are respected and fulfilment the methods proposed. » Keywords flexibility, continuous improvement, overproduction, waste
Analysis Customer Satisfaction and Efficient Methods on Customer Specific Quality Requirements » Abstract Systematic assessments by customers (supply capability, supplied quality), which are carried out independently of the customer satisfaction survey, must be checked and assessed by the departments responsible after receipt or on being made available. Measures must also be initiated if there are negative values or trends. The specialist scope covers the corresponding organizational areas with regular and direct customer contact. The objective of this paper is to implement the process for conducting customer satisfaction analyses in accordance with a defined standard and to continuously increase customer satisfaction. Also, this paper follow to checking the customer quality-specific requirements, to regulates documentation of variances from the quality management system, preparation of handling instructions for implementation of the customer requirements and feedback to the customer. The target groups for this paper are persons responsible for checking quality-specific customer requirements in accordance with the responsibility matrix, sub-project managers for quality management, quality coordinators for the region and for the product line in a manufacturing company. The market research department is responsible for the definition and use of this process, and the customer satisfaction surveys are conducted exclusively by this department. » Keywords customer satisfaction, documents, survey, quality, requirements
Control of a Discrete Planar Tentacle Robot » Abstract The paper deals with a special class of robotic arm, the tentacle robot. First, the discrete dynamic model of the tentacle arm is analyzed. The dynamic model of the hyper-redundant arm with continuum elements in conjunction with the electro-rheological fluid is discussed and the discrete planar model based to the nonlinear observer will be developed. Also, numerical simulations of the arm motion are presented. » Keywords tentacle robot, discrete control, nonlinear observer
Robotic Manufacturing Systems - Modelling and Simulation » Abstract This paper presents modelling and simulation techniques applicable to a wide range of manufacturing systems, where coordinated interaction of mechanical, electronic and software components is required to meet performance goals. A versatile new modelling technology was used to help design the innovative manufacturing control systems. Using models written exclusively in Delphi language, simulation-based analysis and verification were performed at both the component/subsystem and at the overall system level. » Keywords virtual robotic manufacturing systems, solid model representation, behaviour simulation
Actuators as Mechatronics Objects for Motion Software Control » Abstract This paper presents the integration between the components hardware and the driven functions software, resulting in integrated systems called intelligent mechatronic systems. Their development involves finding an optimal balance between the basic mechanical structure, sensor and actuator implementation, automatics information processing and control. A major importance is the simultaneous design of mechanics and electronics, hardware and software and embedded control functions resulting in an integrated system. » Keywords actuators, mechatronic objects, components integration, software control
A Multi-Robot System for Assembly Tasks in Wood Products Manufacturing Industry » Abstract This paper describes the virtual assembly automation systems, as decision support systems, for the better knowledge of assembly operation. The study of this procedure is described as well as the necessity for assembly systems design. The work draws on research into product and manufacturing knowledge models, and uses a case study based on a simplified virtual assembly line realized in Delphi programming environment. The paper describes the adopted solutions used to perform those tasks, giving special attention to the software designed to supervise the system. To support robot work simulation, a simulator program is developed. » Keywords manual handling, flexible assembly systems, virtual robotic assembly systems
Experimental Research Regarding the Dynamic Performance of Pneumatic Muscles » Abstract Pneumatic muscles continue to generate significant research interest due to their unique advantages. They are low-cost, safe, clean, and possess a high power to weight ratio. The paper presents some of the results of research carried out in the Fluidtronics Laboratory of the Transilvania University of Brasov. The experiments aimed at determining inflation and deflation times, the response time and response accuracy in the pressure control. » Keywords pneumatic muscles, force, pressure
Control of Pneumatic Systems » Abstract In any system, regardless of the type of drive used, components of command and control are vital. This paper presents, not strictly the pneumatic element with which the command or control is achieved, but in a much more concrete way, position of these elements in functional schemes and highlighting positive or negative effect of the structure presented. » Keywords pneumatic systems, control, pneumatic cylinder
Modelling and Simulating the Pressing Process of Iron Powders with Different Particle Sizes » Abstract This paper brings into focus new modelling features in the context of pressing process of iron powders with different particle sizes. The study is focused on the evolution of green density function of the pressing speed, pressure and iron particle size and it’s important in the elaboration of sintered steels by gas-carbu-sintering process in powder metallurgy. The significance of the work consists in the new interdisciplinary approach realized by matching the experiments with the mathematical model and the computational simulations. The statistical information and data are important in further analysis and experiments. » Keywords iron powders, pressing speed, interactive modelling, statistical data mining
Contributions to the Recycling of Asbestos Cement and Plastic Waste » Abstract Identifying alternatives to landfill must be a priority of the waste management systems in European countries in the context of the new directive on waste, where recycling represents the core operation. With regard to asbestos-containing waste, recycling at this time is not permitted by law, HG 124/2003 stipulating that “in order to protect human health and the environment, from January 1, 2007, all marketing activities and the use of asbestos and products containing asbestos are prohibited”. This article presents the results of research undertaken by the author during doctoral training, towards recycling of cement and plastics as polymer matrix composite. Tests realized on the new product, based on a modern and complex methodology with high accuracy results, denied the alleged toxicity of asbestos after its embedment in a polymer mass and may provide important arguments for flexibility in profile legislation, having as a purpose the allowance of unrestricted marketing for the resulting product. » Keywords recycling, asbestos cement waste, plastic waste, polymer matrix, asbestos cement composites
Research as Regards the Possibility of Computerizing the Value-Analysis Activities for Products » Abstract The activity-computerization process has stood out as an efficiency-enhancement modality through general advantages such as: diminution of the information-processing duration through increasing the computation speed, elimination of the calculation errors, storage of a great data volume, their rapid transfer, systematization and rigorous control of the information etc. Within the work, the premises and the results of the researches upon the possibility of computerizing several specific activities to value analysis for products are submitted. » Keywords computerization of value analysis activities, CostMaster, efficiency
Analysis of Sustainable Biomass: A Three-Dimensional Approach » Abstract This paper aims to identify the possibilities of biomass to become more sustainable using a three-dimensional approach that seeks to integrate the economic, social and environmental concerns arisen from the production and use of biomass. This objective encompasses a critical analysis of the challenges faced by biomass. The first goal resides in clarifying the variety of biomass feedstock by exploring its definitions by different normative acts and by introducing a new classification in different categories depending on their sustainability. This explanation also contains considerations regarding origin, composition, characteristics and conversion routes for biomass. The second goal has in view to determine the Advantages and Barriers faced by biomass, accompanied by Corrective actions (ABC analysis). The main findings reveal the great variety of biomass resources that are facing multiple challenges and an inconsistency in defining it at international level. Consequently, a biomass differentiation is introduced by placing sustainability safeguards to different biomass resources. This recommends the use of the term biomass only for residues and wastes derived from agriculture and forestry, while the other resources should bear a name correlated with their specificity (bio-cultures, bio-wastes and bio-tech). » Keywords renewable energy, biomass differentiation, sustainability
The Aspects of Influence of Technological Communication on Manufacturing Process Productivity inside new Manufacturing Information System » Abstract The article deals with influence of technological communication on manufacturing process productivity and with the possibilities of technological communication among companies in production chain regarding to the efficiency. This multivariant system originated at Technical University Košice with seat in Prešov, Faculty of Manufacturing Technologies, and it was called IAS - Individual Application System. There is pointing out advantages of some production data sharing and processing of them in the system. By means of this method it can be prepared the processes, technological and manufacturing documentation very advantageously for making good decisions in short periods. Established solution serves to the purpose of easier and faster assigning of the process parameters, shortening of the computer aided process planning documentation time in real production conditions, and it also supports the effective utilization of the production plant based on the model mathematical description of object variation of the computer aided process planning, fulfilling the combination of the required characteristics within the given production conditions. Output system data can be used for processing of the details for the warehouse, economic and wage records as for their control and optimization. » Keywords efficiency, communication, information system, technological aspects
Dynamic Analysis of Gears » Abstract The article deals with an experimental assessment of the dynamics of gears. There is given a description of the test station for measuring the dynamic characteristics of the gears and the methodology for assessing the dynamic behaviour of the gear. » Keywords gears, dynamic analysis, vibration, ultrasound
Equipment for Heat Treatment with the Use of Technologies of Super-High-Frequency and Electrical Contact Technique of Heating » Abstract The paper presents results of the development of equipment for heat treatment with the use of technologies of microwave and electrical contact methods of heating. The device for the combined frying of culinary products and the device for microwave heating with vacuuming are examined. Effectiveness of the processes and apparatuses is determined. » Keywords equipment, thermal treatment, electro-physical methods, microwave heating, vacuuming, electric contact heating
Analysis of the Locators Positioning for Prismatic Workpieces » Abstract The paper analyse the way of applying the 3-2-1 principle of positioning – orienting of the prismatic work-pieces, considering the particular case of a work-piece with the following dimensions 176×86×50. For establishing the relation between the value of the cutting force and the necessary clamping force, are taken into consideration the position of the locators, the way of applying the clamping force, the way in which the cutting force acts on the work-piece. Were also determined the reaction forces on the locators from the secondary plane when are located at different distances from the applying point of the clamping force and are generated the corresponding variation graphics, for establishing the clamping configuration which are not valid. » Keywords clamping device, adjustable locators, modular system, clamping force, optimization
A Cutting Force Model in Turning of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite » Abstract The estimation of cutting forces in longitudinal turning of metals can be performed by applying the semi-empirical method developed by Kienzle and Victor, known also as specific cutting resistance model. Although this model is well documented for metals it has not been applied for new materials such as composites. The Kst1, and (1-zt) constants of the Kienzle-Victor model for a glass fibre reinforced Polyamide (PA66 GF-30) are experimentally determined in the present work. » Keywords glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP), turning, cutting forces, P20 carbide tool, Kienzle - Victor model
Aspects Regarding Insurance Cost Management » Abstract Cost management and financial risk evaluation are as important for insurance companies as for any other enterprise. Determining the turnover and the profitability threshold is of major importance for the evaluation of financial risks that insurance companies are exposed to. The present paper identifies the specific components of fixed and variable costs and establishes their dependence on the production volume for insurance companies. Graphs of the functions which model these costs and the graphical calculation method for the production level of the profitability threshold are presented. » Keywords cost management, fixed costs, variable costs, total costs, profitability threshold
Microscopy and Surface Roughness at End-Milling of OL37 Steel » Abstract In this paper a study, based on a factorial experiment, microscopy and surface roughness results in milling steel cylinder front-OL37 is presented. Variable parameters in the experiment were: cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut. The levels of these variables and the experimental program are presented. The kinematics of cutting for milling operation has been studied, demonstrating that is a rolling motion with gliding, the blade point trajectories are modified orthocycloides. Surface roughness results on two perpendicular directions: longitudinal and transverse has been measured. Modern equipment used allowed values for Ra, Rz, Rq on both directions. Values factorial experiment results were tabulated, and after processing nonlinear relationships were obtained for the parameter Ra. Microscopic images and diagrams of the surface roughness are presented. Also, relationships for roughness have been established. » Keywords steel milling, roughness, microscopy, milled surfaces
Dynamic Modeling of a Rehabilitation Equipment » Abstract In this article it has been studied a rehabilitation equipment behavior, by means of dynamic modeling. The software used is Matlab R2008b, with SimMechanics module. The SimMechanics dynamic model is composed of a mechanical system, driven by a linear actuator and controlled by a PID controller. The equipment simulation in real time is observed in Virtual Reality environment. For designing the mechanical structure model first is established the mass and moment of inertia of each element of the mechanism. After that are established the degrees of freedom and constraints, and attached coordinate systems to each item. Then are introduced the actuators, sensors for measuring movements are set, and the final step is starting the simulation. The SimMechanics dynamic model of the knee and hip rehabilitation equipment provides a real functioning and accurate graphs of the angle amplitude. » Keywords dynamic modelling, rehabilitation equipment, Matlab R2008b
Denavit Hartenberg Analysis of a Rehabilitation Equipment » Abstract Denavit – Hartenberg method is the most used instrument of robots modeling. It determines the position and the orientation of the end-effector of a robot. In this paper the method is used for kinematic modeling of a rehabilitation equipment, designed for the recovery of the patients with hip and knee affections. It will be determined the displacement of the slide realized during the continuous passive motion of the leg. Studied knee and hip rehabilitation equipment can be modeled as an open loop articulated kinematic chain, with elements connected in series by rotation and translation joints driven by actuators. The kinematic chain of the equipment is composed by two elements connected by three rotation and one translation joints, actuated by a linear actuator. The linear actuator used for the action of the equipment is a FESTO pneumatic muscle. One end of the chain is connected to a support base and the other is free and performs a translational motion that represents the slider displacement of the equipment. The slider displacement is of 300 mm between the positions that correspond to the relaxed and contracted state of the pneumatic muscle. » Keywords rehabilitation equipment, Denavit Hartenberg analysis, kinematic chain
Methods for Determining the Configuration of the Connections of Some Containers Used in the Industrial Equipments » Abstract The connections located on the surface of some containers serving various industrial equipments, have similar configurations of a cylindrical, conical shapes, etc. The design, the execution and their installation requires the knowledge of their unfolding, to assembly the cut iron plate, after the transformed contour of the container sections. The connections are found in all the industrial equipments and consist of intersections thin-walled vessels. The design, the execution and their installation requires tracing of the unfolding of the geometric elements of the respective connection. The paper proposes to establish the unfolding of a connection used in the industrial equipments, by the classical method of the descriptive geometry and mathematics, using appropriate software. Which method is more accurate or faster is up to the user. The descriptive geometry method has the advantage that once drew the connection is relatively easy to determine its unfolding, measuring geometrical elements, mentioned in the paper. The disadvantage is that the connection has to be drawn, for each size of diameters, plus the required accuracy of the drawing program. » Keywords cylinder, intersection curve, unfolding, particular plane, methods
Optimization of the Mechanical Structure of Industrial Robots Used in Welding Operations, Using the Finite Element Method » Abstract This paper is about choosing the optimum variant, from the constructive-geometrical and material points of view, for a structure element within the construction of an industrial robot. We have used finite elements analysis (FEA) for optimizing the robot’s forearm as regards the stress it is subject to, without influencing the technical-functional parameters. The articulated arm-type industrial robot studied below is dedicated to welding applications, being integrated in a robotized flexible cell for electric arc welding, choosing the optimum variant of the robot’s forearm. » Keywords industrial robot, optimization, finite element analysis, welding cell
Aluminium Cutting Specific Issues » Abstract In this paper the difficulties of cutting pure aluminium, used mainly in large electrical contacts of high voltage equipment are presented. It can be noted that during the cutting without cutting liquid, at certain regimes, the chips are glued on the channel of the front face, remaining there and blocking the channel and cutting edge, so that accidents occur. Also, different forms of chips resulted after cutting with different regimes, indicating in each set of chips used in the cutting regime are studied. The microscopic images of chips, as seen from the outside and from the area that came into contact with cutting edge of bit are shown. The deposition under the cutting edge of bit after cutting at different cutting regimes and different geometrical parameters of used drawknife are presented. Images of cutting edges are given with elements of chips on them and microscopic images where the variation of deposit thickness and edge clearance are shown. » Keywords aluminium, cutting, deposits on cutting edge of bit
How to Identify Networks to Encourage Open Innovation. Tech Mining Application » Abstract This paper proposes how to foster open innovation through the establishment of collaborative networks. It displays how to elaborate and to visualize innovation networks existing through the analysis of the information contained in scientifically and technical databases. Show two cases, the first focusing on open innovation applied at a country level through a web portal, which creates an open network of experts led by the Brazilian department of science and technology. Second case is focused on determining the global experts in the field of waste recycling. It comes to show two networks for innovation, made with text mining, the inventors’ network made upon information of the Intellectual property register and other network for innovation composed by authors of technical papers. These developments applying tech-mining techniques will allow companies to interact with numerous other companies and experts in every part of the world. Results can be of value to researchers, research managers, public institutions or decision makers in general who need to keep abreast of changing technical domains and anticipate future developments or establish for further knowledge transfer partnerships. The concept and application of open innovation and its collaborative networks will be integrated in the future innovation management systems. » Keywords open-innovation, tech-mining, R&D management, innovation, collaborative networks
Performance Evaluation of Managers in Business Success » Abstract As a result of close cooperation between manager and entrepreneur, performance evaluation managers should become one of the cornerstones of the internal management of SMEs, this objective is defined and recognized in entrepreneurial education policy in general and specifically in the plans for efficient companies. Examination of the factors that determine success or failure of a business, led to the creation of specific methodologies for analysis and diagnosis of business activity by determining the performance of managers. Managerial competence is the category falling strongly motivated individuals who want a job but requires a high degree of responsibility. It stimulates the challenges and decisions in situations of uncertainty. Have good interpersonal skills, enabling them to initiate and coordinate others. Entrepreneurial creativity applies to innovative persons who develop new products, technologies or services in an area where money is a key element of success. » Keywords evaluation, performance managers, success, business
Commercial and Social Entrepreneurship Concepts » Abstract Social entrepreneurship is a process in which resources are used in various combinations in order to capitalize on existing opportunities, create value by meeting social needs, to foster social change, or to establish new organizations with social missions. The essence of social entrepreneurship is the ability to link between him and the social values of community and effective management of small and medium enterprises seeking to adapt to overcome potential. Approach has social entrepreneurship as the final stage of the process of corporate social responsibility; the social involvement of companies achieves the most complex form. Assumed objectives provide direct contribution to the promotion of modern management culture and entrepreneurship as a viable alternative employment in Romania. Through customized training and managerial assistance, participants will gain knowledge and entrepreneurial and managerial skills necessary to materialize their business ideas / projects and / or efficient and modern organization of business according to best practices at European level. » Keywords entrepreneurship, trade entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurship, responsibility, small and medium enterprises
Romanian SMEs and the Economic Crisis » Abstract The transition of the Romanian economy towards a market economy was difficult, complex and sometimes contradictory. The need for a new institutional and legislative space was a long-term process. Sometimes, instead of common points of view were only marker generated by the experiences of some Eastern Europe countries. The adherence to European Union imposed for Romania the continuance of reforms and adaptation of the completely social and economic system to the requisition of EU. The paper presents the actual situation of the Romanian SMEs and ways to recover there growth and competitiveness after the economic crisis. » Keywords small and medium sized enterprise, economic crisis
Databases for Costs Calculation Development » Abstract This paper presents an overview of databases and provides an introduction to management and cost accounting, using databases. Another goal is to present a database related to bearings total costs. The plain bearings haves a complex technology with a lot of calculations. The total costs suppose the material cost, the total manufacturing costs and the indirect costs. This work organizes the database of half – plain bearing with Al-Sn antifriction material. The half - plain bearings is manufacturing of bimetal strip. The plain bearings are manufactured to the standard level (ST) or for repairs R1 … R6, and there is a large database good for Access application. » Keywords material costs, manufacturing costs, period costs, databases, bearing
Convergence of Sustainable Economic Development in European Union » Abstract This paper is especially focused on Romanian economic sustainable development case and represents a part of the author’s preoccupations: convergence inside European Union. The nature of current research is conceptual, methodological, empirical study, and forecast the process. The author had shaped the methodology by means of statistics methods (find out the trends of sustainable development indicators), graphical methods, observation and economic analysis methods. The targets of methodological process are: to up-date the targeted dates (sustainable development, economic efficiency, economic growth indicators), to organise date we have, in order to simulate or draw up new directions, to give economic interpretation. The reason the author has chosen to used sustainable economic development indicators, especially economic growth (because they represents the level of living standards in a clean economic society), is related to own preoccupation to measure national disparities between EU’s countries, and to catch the recuperation process inside EU (especially regarding Romanian situation). The paper contribution can be highlighted in 2 ways. First, it supplies a statistic analysis of EU-27 countries about part of sustainable economic development (in terms of growth and standards of living). Second, it analyse the situation of recuperation for CEE economies and the effect the crises had over EU region in these terms, delaying the process of catching-up. » Keywords indicators, convergence, lags, catching-up process, eco-efficiency
Integration through Convergence » Abstract This paper aims and objectives emphasise the relation between technological intra-EU trade exchange and the regional development, the interaction between regions through foreign direct investment, the competitive advantages obtained under these circumstances, the elaboration of analytical framework for sustaining the empirical research at regional and national level, that would support economic development on the basis of comparative advantage. The author will use a theoretical approach. The reason author considers the methods appropriate and reliable consists is the fact that disparities inside union can compromise Economic and Monetary Union success being necessary to measure the convergence degree inside EU. The reason consists in the importance to recover the disparities between regions inside EU, before the present crises and especially after it. The realization of a strong convergence of macroeconomic policies and the limitation of the area national policies are applied, acquired by achieving EMU, supposes special efforts. The study limitations are linked by the lack and difficulty of interpretation the recover process. » Keywords convergence, EMU, FDI, competitive advantage
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